Prerequisites for a health care system like the Norwegian one include: 
--identification of each person (patient) -- Check.  We have Social Security Numbers.
--identification of each doctor, lab, hospital -- Check.  They’re licensed and registered.
--identification of each diagnosis and its approved treatment(s) -- Check?  The insurance companies, collectively, have that information.  They must be allowed, I think, to bid on government contracts.  Their expertise is needed, at a price -- but not at a profit.
How does it work in Norway?  Doctors who go into the system state how many patients they want on their lists.  I choose which GP’s list I want to be on.  The doctor gets paid a small amount a year for each patient, whether the patients ever go to the doctor or not.  The doctor also gets paid a certain amount each time I go to him. 
Starting in January, I pay around $20 for each doctor visit, including for specialists and tests my GP sends me to.  I pay a subsidized amount for each prescription drug on the essential list.  I keep the receipts on a wallet card.  When I’ve paid $300, I’m done paying for those things for the year.  Doctor visits and essential prescriptions are free the rest of the year.  Now, some people don’t bother to keep the receipts, as they never reach that $300 limit.  One parent and all the kids in a family share a $300 limit. 
Hospitalization is free.
Except for kids, dentistry is still outside the system, and it’s expensive.  Glasses are outside the system, though a doctor’s examination and prescription for glasses are free as outlined above.
Citizens and residents cannot opt out of paying their taxes for this system.  Doctors and clinics can opt out and charge what people are willing to pay.
If Americans can be cured of their allergy to the word “socialist”, shouldn’t this system be workable for them, too?